Sunday, June 28, 2015

Rwanda

In Jonathan Swift's great satire, "Gulliver's Travels", the war is ostensibly between two nations, the Lilliputians and the people of Blefuscu, but it isn't nationalism, nor patriotism, nor land, nor food, nor ethnicity, nor religion, nor ideology, but sheer, downright, crass human stupidity that divides the two, a difference of opinion over the correct way to crack eggs. There are, as Swift explains in his deadpan manner, two correct ways to crack open a soft-boiled egg, which we might call the Catholic way and the Protestant way, or the Sunni and the Shi'a, the Orthodox and the Reform, the Maoist and the Leninist, the Republican and the Democrat; one can crack the egg at the Big End, or one can crack the egg at the Little End (non-conformists like me like to crack the egg in the middle, while anarchists and revolutionaries simply take a potato masher and never mind the shell).

In Rwanda the Tutsi, who ruled the country for many years, insist on the Little End, but the Hutu are Big Endians and, three years before the country became independent from Belgium, they overthrew the king, massacred Little Endians by the tens of thousands, and drove about 150,000 more into the yolk of exile. The children of those exiles formed the Rwanda Patriotic Front and started a civil war in 1990, which led the Hutu rulers to impose a crackdown, and about a million people were turned into omelette, three-quarters of the Tutsi population among them. What was left of the Tutsi scrambled to Uganda, or to the north of the country, and carried on fighting, and won, and now it was the turn of the Hutu to pack their egg sandwiches in a hurry and flee, about two million of them in total, rightly fearing the retribution that inevitably followed…

What has happened since falls into the category. not of satire but of farce, which is known in the Rwandan language as "gacaca"; properly speaking a "gacaca" is a community court, and it is here that people accused of involvement in the genocide are put on trial, and generally acquitted because key witnesses tend to be lying dead among the egg-shells, or simply fear the meringue that will be made of them if they collaborate, I mean participate.


The latest stage of the farce took place in June 2015, when General Karenzi Karake, the head of Rwanda's secret intelligence service, was secretly invited to the United Kingdom for secret meetings with the UK secret intelligence service, and found himself arrested on a European war crimes warrant as he boarded his plane home again. Human rights lawyer Cherie Booth is on the General's legal team, which means he must be a good guy after all, because Mrs Booth's husband, former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair - himself wanted for war crimes over the war in Iraq - is...well, actually we don't know, because the UK Foreign Office had declared this to be a secret too. Tony Blair is also an advisor to the President of Kazakhstan, and...well, why not just click here and you can read it for yourself. It doesn't make for pretty reading, though it certainly does make for serious wealth-creating. Nice job Tony!


Marks for: 6 million, in US dollars, if you take The Blair Foundation's figures at face-value;  35 million, according to one, 60 million, according to several other sources.

Marks against: 2 million (the number of people estimated to have been hutued and tutsied in the genocidal wars.




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Copyright © 2015 David Prashker
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Russia

Properly The Russian Federation, which name is also an indication of its imperial aspirations.

Best looked at through the eyes of http://english.pravda.ru/world/ - you can do that for yourself; it's worth the effort.

But Russia is not really a country; it is simply the home of President, sometimes Prime Minister, unofficially Czar, and residually Comrade Vladimir Putin; it is just that his home is very large, extending as it does from Europe in the west to Siberia in the east. Putin's personal website makes for fascinating reading (http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio):

"Vladimir Putin was born on October 7, 1952, in Leningrad," it begins, and then, as has tended to be the story of his rule, it shifts very quickly to focus on the first person singular, the I-that-matters: "I come from an ordinary family, and this is how I lived for a long time, nearly my whole life. I lived as an average, normal person and I have always maintained that connection".

Average and normal are, of course, terms impossible to define, but still, I doubt whether too many people in Russia, other than the billionaire oligarchs who stole its resources when the Soviet Union collapsed, have ever lived remotely like Comrade Putin - which, incidentally, is not supposed to be pronounced as though it were a French word, like raisin or Africain or ignorantin.

"Vladimir Putin’s mother, Maria Shelomova, was a very kind, benevolent person," the website continues to bake blintzes in the Russian style (much yeast, much cheese, lots of raisins as a sweetener). "We lived simply - cabbage soup, cutlets, pancakes, but on Sundays and holidays my Mom would bake very delicious stuffed buns [pirozhki] with cabbage, meat and rice, and curd tarts [vatrushki]," Mr Putin says. The phrase from "my Mom" to "curd tarts" is then posted a second time, in a large box, in much the same way that a website dedicated to Abraham Lincoln, say, might pull out "You can fool all the people some of the time, and some of the people all the time, but you can't fool all the people all the time", or one dedicated to Winston Churchill might highlight "We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender." But this, the pirozhki and the curd tarts, this is Vladimir Putin's most noteworthy contribution to the intellectual aphorisms of political philosophy. And note the glorification of the Putin mother into upper case Mom.


By the time you have read this far into the biography, you should have become both bored and cognisant that the website is as unlikely to reveal anything of value as is his reign as Czar of all the Russias. But you are wrong. Somewhat further down it is revealed that "In 1970, Vladimir Putin became a student of law department at Leningrad State University, earning his degree in 1975. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Mr Putin studied at KGB School No. 1 in Moscow." No. 1. Not just any KGB school. The elite of the KGB. Where they don't teach grammar alongside poisoning their enemies ("student of the law department....).

After graduating from Leningrad State University, Putin was assigned to work in the state security agencies. "My perception of the KGB was based on the idealistic stories I heard about intelligence." (Does he mean James Bond here? Grahame Green? John Le CarrĂ©? Bay of Pigs? The Blunt-Philby-Burgess-Maclean quartet?) He was first appointed to the Directorate secretariat, then the counter-intelligence division, where he worked for about five months. Half a year later, he was sent to operations personnel retraining courses - which leads me to ask why he needed retraining; had he failed that badly after the first attempt? "Mr Putin spent another six months working in the counter-intelligence division." That was when he drew attention from foreign intelligence officers. "Fairly quickly, I left for special training in Moscow, where I spent a year. Then I returned again to Leningrad, worked there in the First Main Directorate – the intelligence service. That directorate had branches in major cities of the Soviet Union, including Leningrad. I worked there for about four and a half years."

"Then Mr Putin returned again to Moscow to study at the Andropov Red Banner Institute, where he was trained for his trip to Germany. Having completed his studies at the Andropov Institute, Putin left for East Germany in 1985 and worked there until 1990." Between 1985 and 1990, Vlad the Impaler worked in East Germany, serving at the local intelligence office in Dresden. "Over the course of his service, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and to the position of senior assistant to the head of the department. In 1989, he was awarded the bronze medal issued in the German Democratic Republic, 'For Faithful Service to the National People’s Army'. After returning to Leningrad from Germany in 1990, he became assistant to the rector of Leningrad State University in charge of international relations. In 1996, he and his family moved to Moscow, where his political career began. Starting in June 1991, Putin began work as Chairman of the Committee for International Relations at the St Petersburg City Hall, and from 1994, concurrently held the position of Deputy Chairman of the St Petersburg City Government."

"In 1996" - I am simply continuing to quote his website, with as few interjections as my forked tongue can restrain - "Vladimir Putin moved with his family to Moscow, where he was offered the post of Deputy Chief of the Presidential Property Management Directorate. 'I would not say that I did not like Moscow, but simply that I liked St Petersburg more. But Moscow was very obviously a European city,' Putin recalled. His career rise was rapid. In March 1997, he was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office and Chief of Main Control Directorate." Busy with work as he was, he still found time to defend his doctoral thesis on economics at the St Petersburg State Mining Institute. In May 1998, Putin was made First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office, and in July 1998, he was appointed Director of the Federal Security Service. From March 1999, he also held the position of Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. In August 1999, Putin was appointed prime minister of the Russian Government. The post was offered to him by then President Boris Yeltsin, who probably didn't know he had done this, as he was more than likely drunk at the time.

As Putin later recalled, "Mr Yeltsin invited me to come and see him and said that he wanted to offer me the prime minister’s job." (It is interesting that "prime minister" appears in lower case on the website, while "Mom" and "President" appear in upper case). "Incidentally, he never used the word 'successor' in his conversation with me then, but spoke of becoming 'prime minister with prospects', and said that if all went well, he thought this could be possible". Putin described his time in the prime minister’s office as an honour and an interesting experience. "I thought then, if I can get through a year that will already be a good start. If I can do something to help save Russia from falling apart then this would be something to be proud of."

Unfortunately, Comrade Putin has done absolutely nothing to save Russia from falling apart, though he has done a great deal to re-establish the Soviet Union under the alias of the Russian Federation, and very soon, no doubt, he will have the constitution changed, so that he can stand for election as Czar Romanov Putin the First. With Kiev, presumably, as his royal capital.

And finally, though it is not in his website, the curious incident of the dog in the night-time, as Mark Haddon titled his splendid book about something completely different. It was January 21st 2007 and Angela Merkel, the Chancellor of Germany, was visiting Putin at his Presidential residence in Sochi to discuss energy trade. Putin was well aware that Merkel is terrified of dogs. As soon as the press were gathered for the joint interview with the two leaders, Putin summoned his favourite dog, an extremely large, black Labrador, which sniffed Merkel's legs, while Putin grinned, and Merkel performed her best imitation of dementia. She recovered enough to tell one of the American journalists, "I understand why he has to do this — to prove he's a man. He's afraid of his own weakness. Russia has nothing, no successful politics or economy. All they have is this."

Now that is a quote that should be pulled out and put in a box.



"I understand why he has to do this — to prove he's a man. He's afraid of his own weakness. Russia has nothing, no successful politics or economy. All they have is this." German Chancellor Angela Merkel on Vladimir Putin.
















Marks for: 1 (as in Czar Putin the First)

Marks against: as above





You can find David Prashker at:
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Copyright © 2015 David Prashker
All rights reserved
The Argaman Press

Saturday, June 27, 2015

Romania



In Europe, for many centuries, three groups of people have been the specific target of communal hatred, based on detailed negative stereotyping and a tendency towards nomadism, both of which are less the culture of the people themselves than the effect of the racial and ethnic hatred – which is to say, they have become nomads, and they have come to fit the stereotypes, because both have been forced on them. Best known of the three groups are the Jews and the gypsies (Jews came originally from Israel; gypsies, as the name should make obvious though it is little known, from Egypt). The third group are the Roma, though they are now also known as the Tigan, because their compatriots in Romania do not wish to be identified with them, and have previously been known as the Sinti, or Sindhi, or Kale, pronounced Kali, or simply Romani.

The Roma probably originated in northern India, and arrived in Europe with the Mongol invaders in the 13th century, only to find themselves enslaved or expelled. There were never more than about 200,000 of them, and when slavery was abolished in 1856, finding themselves totally unwelcome in what was by then their native land, they took to the roads. Of those who stayed behind, another 25,000 were deported as “unwanteds” in the early 1940s, and another 36,000 were exterminated during the Nazi era. Today they are the butt of everybody's hatred wherever they go, especially in France, where they live in camps that are regularly vandalised by the police, who then deport them in numbers despite having no grounds to do so.

So much for the history of the Roma; now for modern Romania itself, which ironically took its name from the Roma people, before turning against them and throwing them out, or murdering them. For centuries it formed two parts of the Ottoman Empire: Wallachia and Moldavia. Today, when we speak of Romanians, we really mean Wallachians and Moldavians. This usurpation of title is one of the methods by which people perform, or in this case attempt to perform, genocide against another.

Among the European despots, dictators, autocrats and general monsters of the 20th century, the names of Hitler and Stalin stand out, but not far behind them come Italy’s Mussolini, Spain’s Franco, Portugal’s Salazar and especially Romania’s Nicolae Ceausescu, who led the Communist government as General Secretary, and then as Head of State, from 1965 until the fall of Communism in 1989, and who was shot by firing squad in 1989, after being found guilty of genocide and sabotage of the Romanian economy by the post-Soviet era authorities. Genocide is a very precise statement, and the brutality of the Securitate, Romania’s version of the KGB, was unquestionably one of the most brutal anywhere. Sabotage of the economy is a rather more vague statement, but was intended to describe his decision, in 1982, to require that all of the country’s product, agricultural and industrial, be exported, to pay off the vast national debt accrued by his penchant for building, of which the apogee was the People’s Palace in Bucharest, probably the most extravagantly pointless and narcissistic building project in human history. The export of all goods left the country impoverished, even without electricity for six days in every week, and might even have led to a coup against him, except that the soldiers designated to carry out the coup were sent to harvest maize, and were therefore unavailable.


When Communism fell, Ion Iliescu’s National Salvation Front took power, until it became clear that nothing had changed – the NSF was almost entirely constituted of former Securitate and Communist Party members. In June 1990 the people rose up and threw them out, after which democratic coalitions worked with President Iliescu, until he lost power in 1996 to Emil Constantinescu, regained it in 2000, then lost it again, and again to Constantinescu, in 2004. Romania joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007, though it is hard to understand, from Europe's point of view, why it would want the failed state of Romania in, and even harder to understand, from Romania's point of view, why it would want to be in the failed economic community of Europe.

 

Marks for: 0, and that's generous

Marks against: Too many to count




You can find David Prashker at:
http://theargamanpress.com/
Copyright © 2015 David Prashker
All rights reserved
The Argaman Press

Reunion Island

Try looking up Reunion on the Internet and you will be sent to a thousand college and high school alumni pages, and then, inevitably, appealed to for a generous donation to support the institution’s football team - you may even be asked to support its academic departments, though this is unusual for American colleges, where Masters degrees in golf and full-time PhDs in quarterbacking are now the highest aspiration of the majority. 

Finding Reunion Island in the reality of the Indian Ocean is equally difficult – it is located to the east of Madagascar and to the south of Mauritius; and of course, being that close to Le Havre and Calais, it's French, though it was once Portuguese. It was also, once, briefly, used as a penal colony; once, briefly, named Ile Bourbon; once, briefly, the victim of a mosquito-borne disease called chikungunya; and many more than once the recipient of lava from the Piton de la Fournaise, a shield volcano formed from a hotspot volcano on the other side of the island named the Piton des Neiges, which is now extinct; and no, I am not able to explain what a shield volcano or a hotspot volcano are, but I can state categorically that you cannot have absolute opposites in the same place and at the same time, and therefore you cannot have shield and hotspot volcanoes simultaneously with intelligent design.

It isn't the volcanoes, however, which make Reunion Island one of the world's top danger-spots. And no, it isn't Islamic terrorism either. It's the sharks - and I don't mean the sharks who try to sell you insurance policies or extended warranties or shares in their Ponzi scheme. Real sharks. Jaws' cousins. Surfing has been banned, and a mass-cull is under way, to protect the island's most endangered species - tourists - from the world's most endangered species, Nature.


Marks for: 11.3 billion (the amount in pounds sterling that France contributes to Reunion Island every year)
 

Marks against: 170 (the number of times Piton has erupted since records were first kept, which was in the 17th century)




Copyright © 2015 David Prashker
All rights reserved
The Argaman Press

Friday, June 26, 2015

Qatar

Why is Qatar hosting the next soccer world cup? Why is Qatar not part of Saudi Arabia, given its geography? Do they still fish for pearls in Qatar? How did the Thani family come to rule it? How does a son depose his own father (as Crown Prince Hamad did in 1995), and why did he voluntarily abdicate in favour of his own son? Who on earth designed those hideous modern buildings which make Qatar look like a bad edition of Star Trek? Is al-Jazeera now more significant than Fox News? Do Qatari women take up their right to vote and stand for election? How come there are so many migrant workers dying while building the stadia for the world cup, all of whom are living in conditions of debt bondage, delayed or non-payment of salaries, confiscation of passports, abuse, hazardous working conditions, and squalid living arrangements? How does a modern country allow itself to be ruled by a despotic feudal family which siphons all the oil revenue into its own pockets, and allows men, women, and children to be subjected to forced labour and prostitution? Why is Qatar rated number 3 on the list of "top world tax havens"? Why have I run out of questions about this anomalous corner of the world so quickly? Oh, I do have three more, especially after the revelations of bribery and corruption surrounding the World Cup: first, is there anyone out there organising a boycott of the World Cup? Second - if not, why not? And third, the saddest question of all - why, given what we know of this human world, why did I waste my energy bothering to ask those first two questions?


Marks for: 0

Marks against: 1.35 million (the number of people estimated to be working on the world cup building programme; 94% of the country's workforce)



Copyright © 2015 David Prashker
All rights reserved
The Argaman Press

Thursday, June 25, 2015

Puerto Rico

I am sure that, if they could, the Americans would like to “own” all the island-nations in the Caribbean which were not in the safe hands of the British or the French. Cuba obviously. The Dominican Republic would be useful, though its proximity to Haiti would establish some economic and humanitarian issues. Puerto Rico it already has, as evidenced by the vast numbers of Puerto Ricans who live in Florida – Puerto Rico is an official 51st state of the union, re-endorsed in a 2012 referendum where less than a third of the population opposed the status quo. The island has a governor, and is exempt from US income tax as well as receiving federal funds. Usually the Americans want these places, as the French and British do, for exploitation of their natural resources or to host a military base, but Puerto Rico has no natural resources beyond its climate and its beaches, and the military base has been considerably scaled back in recent years. Maybe the Americans just want it as an advance-warning location for in-coming hurricanes.


Marks for: 3.5 million (the number of US tourists who provide its main source of income every year)

Marks against: 70 billion (the size of the nation's debt)




Copyright © 2015 David Prashker
All rights reserved
The Argaman Press


Wednesday, June 24, 2015

Polynesia

The World of Many islands, to translate the name literally from the Greek - more than a thousand South Pacific islands, some of them so tiny they don't even have names let alone inhabitants, but also, technically, New Zealand and Hawaii, Samoa and Tonga, Fiji and the Cook Islands, many of these islands countries in their own right.



Whoever it is who determines these things - which is definitely not God and just as definitely not the people who live on these islands - the South Pacific is sub-divided into three regions, of which Polynesia is the large triangle in the south-east, something in the shape of a stingray, with Melanesia and Micronesia forming its backbone and tail.

If you really want to know more, this is one of those occasions when Wikipedia is the place to go; but truthfully you should not want to know more, for the name was artificial, an invention of colonialists and imperialists in the 18th century, and it served them very usefully as a way of reducing a great variety of people and places to a comfortable and inferior homogeneity, an anthropological paradigm of unsophisticated, even primitive, "natives" and "pagans", after which it was legitimate to conquer, enslave and exploit them without compunction, as the global corporations continue to do even now. "Manifest Destiny" as it has also been termed. The time came long ago for civilised human beings to throw the insult in the garbage can, the same garbage can that contains the N-word and the Y-word and the I-word ("nigger" and "yid" and "red indian" if you really need me to spell it out), and in dispensing with the word, to start acknowledging people as people, and not treating them as commodities. "Human being." Try it.

The doing of this, however, depends on the French, who were the first to use the term, and who continue to use it to this day, describing a collection of their South Pacific territories as French Polynesia. In the meanwhile, while there are no actual countries named Polynesia, Melanesia or Micronesia, the division of the South Pacific in this manner remains in use among anthropologists, military strategists, and those who like to test nuclear missiles, so it cannot be ignored, but only counter-argued.



Marks for: 0

Marks against: 8 (the number of locations in the South Pacific where nuclear tests have been carried out. These are Bikini Atoll, Enewetak Atoll, Johnston Atoll and the so-called Pacific Proving Grounds [by the US], Kiritimati [Christmas Island] and Malden Island [by the UK], Fangataufa and Moruroa [by France]).




Copyright © 2015 David Prashker
All rights reserved
The Argaman Press