Sunday, July 26, 2015

Senegal

“Becoming Senegal” might be a good title for a movie about the western portion of the continent of Africa. Life started, after being a French colony for centuries, as the Mali Federation, in 1960, an attempt to create a single west African community by merging several countries into one; on this occasion Senegal and the French Sudan. It lasted only a few months. Then Senegal tried again, this time joining with The Gambia to form Senegambia in 1982; that didn't even get off the ground before it was abandoned. Ultimately Senegal went it alone, and has probably done better for doing so, though a group calling itself the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance (MFDC) has been fighting a rather pathetic separatist insurgency in the south for several decades. At the same time, on a continent where Communism has been exploited as a nominal ideology by innumerable right-wing despots, Senegal experimented with the reality under a Socialist Party which held power for forty years, and then walked away without a murmur when it lost the 2000 elections. And speaking of right-wing despots, Abdoulaye Wade became President in those 2000 elections, and was re-elected in 2007; during his two terms he amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase his own executive power and to weaken the opposition, only to find himself rejected in the March 2012 elections – proof that sometimes the people can smell rats before the fleas they carry have become epidemic. And the surprising thing is – Wade walked away without a murmur too, leaving Macky Sall in charge.

And as if to endorse Senegal's record as a reasonably civilised country, it was Senegal that was chosen in June 2015 to host Africa's first "in-house" war crimes trial, of the former Chadian leader Hissene Habré, who is accused of sanctioning tens of thousands of killings and widespread torture during the 1980s, and who fled to Senegal when he was ousted in 1990. Good on ya, Senegal!


Marks for: 5

Marks against: 2




Copyright © 2015 David Prashker
All rights reserved
The Argaman Press

Saturday, July 25, 2015

Saudi Arabia

I have never visited Saudi Arabia, and I imagine that I never will, because I will probably never be allowed in, after publishing what I am about to write (the Saudi monarchy does not like criticism, especially from Brits - click here). But here goes anyway.

Like most of the countries of the Arab-Moslem world, Saudi Arabia only pretends to live in the 21st century, and is only able to get away with it because it has oil in truly vast quantities, which the world needs, and which therefore gives Saudi Arabia power to do much as it pleases. Unlike any other country in the Arab-Moslem world, Saudi Arabia also contains the Ka’aba, the Black Rock of Mecca, which is the central superstition of the faith, and which likewise gives Saudi Arabia the power to do much as it pleases and get away with it. The "it" in question, of course, is not the nation of Saudi Arabia, but only its royal family; and not all of its royal family either, but only the men.

In reality, Saudi Arabia still inhabits the epoch of mediaeval barbarism that it did when Muhammad established Islam. It is a monarchy of the absolutist kind – the Al Saud family came to power in the 18th century and have passed authority on dynastically ever since. They rule with an iron fist, applying the Wahabi version of Sharia law strictly. There is no opposition – political parties are banned - a foolishness which led to the creation of al-Qaida, which led to the creation of the Islamic State, which led to the mess the world is in right now. Non-Wahabis are second class citizens, which includes a very large Shi'a minority. Most oppressed of all are women, who are obliged to dress in public totally covered, except the eyes, who are not permitted to drive cars, and who are beginning to test the waters of protest.

The latest scandal was reported in the Washington Post on August 26, 2014 – read it here. In brief, there is a lawyer named Waleed Abulkhair who founded the Monitor of Human Rights in Saudi Arabia; the authorities have refused to register the group, and Mr Abulkhair has now been sentenced to fifteen years in prison, followed by fifteen years in internal exile, plus a fine, under the country’s counter-terrorism laws. Despite the fact that Saudi Arabia signed up to the International Convention against Torture in October 1997, Mr Abulkhair has been subjected to a number of indignities, including the refusal of his diabetes medicine, lengthy periods of solitary confinement, and other old-fashioned methods of torture.

As a further measure of Saudi Arabia’s power and importance, it may also be interesting to note that Saudi Arabia has the longest entry, by far, in the CIA’s World FactBook, and it is worth reading as an exemplar of literary generosity of the highest order.

In the name of al-Lah, and of His Prophet, bismillah irrahman irraheem, in the name of the Compassionate and the Merciful.



Marks For and Marks Against: Should that be Lashes For and Lashes Against. Way too many. Way too many!


Copyright © 2015 David Prashker
All rights reserved
The Argaman Press


Friday, July 24, 2015

Sao Tome and Principe


For a very short while, at some time in the very near future, these two islands in the South Atlantic, off the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea, are going to become very rich, having made the discovery that oil reserves of a substantial quality are waiting to be developed. Citizens of the islands need to be aware of several historical precedents that they can avoid, if they act immediately, and for which Uruguay provides an example that it can be done.

1) While you will need the expertise of foreign oil companies to drill and extract and distribute this oil, their tendency is to take your potential wealth with them when they take your resources, leaving less than royalties behind for you; nationalisation of the oil is your best chance to prevent this.

2) Whoever controls the government controls the signing of the contracts with the oil companies, and the small print is, as always, the small print; use the media to pressure the government into full public disclosure of the planned contracts, before they are signed, so that you can scrutinise them and hold your government to account.

3) I use the word 'account' advisedly; accounts are what government ministers have in the banks of foreign countries when they need to hide the back-handers they obtained after the public scrutiny of contracts made it more difficult for them to pretend their pay-backs were simply legal and legitimate contributions to their re-election campaign and their daughter’s favourite charity. I am not accusing anybody, of course; merely offering some friendly advice based on what may, allegedly though of course unproven, have occurred elsewhere.

4) Acquire literacy in a hurry; if you read the small print in the oil contracts at the same level of literacy that you have proofread your government's official tourist website, you will be in serious trouble; and with reference to that website (facts page, paragraph one), there are indeed dangerous animals in your jungle, and they are named "oil companies".
Copyright © 2015 David Prashker
All rights reserved
The Argaman Press

San Marino

No, not the one in California. Back in the 19th century, before nationalism reared its ugly head and the world found this new way to express its tribal instincts and put up borders to keep others out, there was no such land as Italy, nor had there ever been. After the fall of the Roman Empire, there was the Lombard empire of the Visigoths, then the Frankish empire of Charlemagne, then the Holy Roman Empire, and inside these empires there were city-states like Venice and Genoa and Florence and Milan, or the Islamic kingdom of Sicily which extended as far north as Naples. That had all fallen apart by the end of 15th century, after which the French and the Spanish and the Austrians fought over it, the squabble ending when Napoleon marched in and took the lot, declaring the northern half of Italy a kingdom, and bestowing that name. The unification of Italy begins with the defeat of Napoleon, and ends with the successes of Garibaldi and Cavour, as late as 1871, but doesn't really become meaningful until after the First World War. It could be argued, and this is the point of my long introduction, that Italian unification has still not been completed, for within its borders there is the Holy See known as the Vatican City, and there is also San Marino, given independence within the Papal states in 1631, its separateness respected by Napoleon, and today an independent nation with its own seat at the UN, but not yet a place in the EU.

Where actually is it? Land-locked close to the Adriatic, on the eastern side of Italy, on virtually the same latitude as Florence, inland from Rimini. And how does it survive? Like all the other tiny little countries of the world (San Marino is just 24 square miles, half the size of Manhattan) which are too small to produce much worth the selling, it lives on tourism and its status as a tax haven, and does so remarkably well; San Marino has the eighth highest GDP per capita of any country in the world.


Marks for: 301 (the year in which the city was founded, by decree of the Emperor Diocletian, as what is now the oldest surviving independent republic in the world)

Marks against: 83,427 (the number of dollars per capita of GDP that San Marino is behind Qatar in the league of world's wealthiest nations)



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Thursday, July 23, 2015

Samoa

Previously known as Western Samoa, it comprises nine islands, all of them volcanic, though the two largest, Savai’i and Upolo, make up 99% of the territory. Governed by New Zealand until it forced its way into independence in 1961, its people are the second largest group of Polynesians, after the Maori. 

Fishing and farming are the mainstay, with some light manufacturing and a growing commerce in offshore banking, but this is not a place to grow up in, nor a place to be an adult in, and definitely not a place to grow old in, so most are leaving, generally for the United States, or acclimatising and accommodating themselves to the realities of life in the era of technology and massive world over-population: the reality that there are few jobs left outside the service industries today, and that those jobs will only remain for as long as employing humans is cheaper than replacing them with technology; which means slavery by whatever euphemism.

The official website of the Samoan government recognises this, and therefore places tourism as its only hope for the future - the ultimate service industry. But beyond the natural beaches - when they are not being devastated by cyclones - the tourism is mostly theme-park, as the advertisement above amply demonstrates: actors in costume performing traditional tribal dances that lost their meaning centuries ago - the Faataupati (clapping dance), the Siva Afi (fire knife dance), the Taualuga (final dance), all of which were once a part of liturgy, a means of propitiating the gods or stirring the priapus for the fertility rites, but you can ask any Samoan to explain this and they will give you blank looks. Tell them this is Fa’a Samoa, "the Samoan Way", and the looks get even blanker. Try "Fiafia" and they will recognise this from the advertising posters. Ah yes, Fiafia Night. Three thousand years ago it was the equivalent of Christmas, Rosh ha-Shana, Diwali, Id ul-Fitar; today it's just an excuse for a party in a restaurant. Not a terribly good party either, if you scour the tourist-reviews online. Very sad. 




Marks for: 1961 (the date on which Samoa became the first Polynesian nation to achieve independence)

Marks against: 11 billion (the number of people expected to inhabit planet Earth by the year 2099, and of whom an estimated 85% will either be unemployed or in "service industry" jobs; either way, living below the poverty line)




Copyright © 2015 David Prashker
All rights reserved
The Argaman Press


Wednesday, July 22, 2015

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

So many times the same tale: the discovery by Columbus (in 1498), the takeover by the British (1627), the formalisation as a colony (1783), slavery and sugar, volcanic eruptions (the first in 1812, the second in 1902); and then the long, slow route to what is still only partial, starting with universal suffrage (1951), permission to join the West Indies Federation (1958), internal self-government (1969), and at last a sort of independence (in 1979, during which year La Soufrière erupted once again).

Unlike nearby Saint Lucia, a further move away from Britain was rejected in a 2009 vote; the suggestion had been the replacement of the monarch by a republican President and constitution, but let's be honest, given the kind of people who put themselves forward to be Presidents, a dynastic monarchy, constitutionally ring-fenced, may actually be a better option, especially if the man most likely is "Comrade Ralph" Gonsalves, the current Prime Minister, now serving his third term of close friendship with fellow-comrades in Venezuela (I always thought "serving a third term" was what repeat criminals did in jail, not Prime Ministers in office, or Presidents, in the case of Burundi, or alternately both, in the case of Russia).

In 2003 the islands were removed from the list of countries which were being uncooperative about money-laundering; which means that they are now being cooperative; which means that they are still money-laundering. Nor is this likely to change, given the people who inhabit several of the islands - a boat-trip around Mustique and Palm Island and Union Island for example is likely to get you arrested if you don't have a formal invite, because these are private islands, gated communities protected by armed security guards, and who can say who lives there, possibly Hollywoods starlets, possibly Russian oil magnates, possibly Somalian pirate gang-leaders; the information is simply as unavailable as is access for ordinary people and tax-inspectors. A single room at the Cotton House, for example, will cost you $1,000 per night, out of season.

And in the meanwhile, the rest of the population either services the playground or cuts down the ever diminishing banana crop - no, that is inaccurate; the number of bananas is still the same, but the number of bananas which the European Union will purchase has diminished, and given that bananas represent 30% of national income, and unemployment is already so high that mass emigration is now the norm, it is highly possible that several more of these Caribbean islands will become privatised in the decades ahead, either purchased as empty plots of land by the ridiculously rich, or private because you are the only person left to pick up the pieces of molten lava.


Marks For: 0

Marks Against: This business of trying to give marks has become too depressing; I shall leave this blank.




Copyright © 2015 David Prashker
All rights reserved
The Argaman Press

Tuesday, July 21, 2015

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Once upon a time Canada was not called Canada, but New France. Today, all that is left of France on the north American continent is a 17th century version of the French language, known in Quebec as Quebecois, and elsewhere as French Canadian; and just off the coast, on the Atlantic side close by Newfoundland, at the entrance to Fortune Bay, looking west towards Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in much the way that Sarah Palin once claimed to look across the Bering Straight into Siberia, two tiny islands, the one named for St Peter, the patron saint of fisherman, and the other for...well, actually for a Basque sailor and not a Frenchman at all, a man named Micquelle, who was the navigator in Martin de Hoyarçabal's journey to the New World, though the islands had already been discovered a few years earlier by the Portuguese João Álvares Fagundes, who named them "The Thousand Virgin Islands", which was optimistic, though it was St Ursula's day on which they found the place, and St Ursula is the patron saint of virgins, or at least had some virginal companions, or so they claimed. Jacques Cartier formally claimed the islands for the French in 1536, which was not a problem on the empty Saint Pierre, but Miquelon was inhabited by an aboriginal people named the Mik'maq (which may actually be the real source of the island's name) as well as both Basque and Breton fishermen.

Just six thousand people are freezing to death on the two islands today, and should be placed on the UN’s list of endangered species, from the cold obviously, but also from starvation, as the climate does not permit agriculture, the fish stocks are severely depleted, and most of what is left is cod, which Canada has banned. On the other hand, global warming will probably make of it a sub-tropical paradise, which proves that every cloud has a silver lining (except perhaps the atomic cloud, whose lining is made of fission).

Formally the islands are a "Collectivité territoriale", which is neither an overseas territory nor an independent country nor an autonomous region nor any of the other complicated ruses by means of which major and ex-major powers keep their hands on lands they have no right to, but a "territorial collectivity", whatever you would like to determine that to mean. The inhabitants are French citizens and have the right to vote in French elections, though no politician has ever been known to set up a soap-box there 
, and the babies are too closely wrapped in fur to be kissable; the islands also send a senator and a deputy to the National Assembly of France in Paris, which is good, because that makes two islanders who have jobs and therefore incomes, though they may be alone in this. 

The Territorial Council which administers the islands consists of nineteen members, and they have the honour of taking charge of taxes as well as customs & excise on the islands, a matter for which a once-a-year text message is probably sufficient, where a full email let alone an actual meeting would be excessive and unnecessary.

Ah, but I exaggerate, I know - life, as somebody famous whose name I can't remember once said, life is completely and totally meaningless unless you exaggerate. Saint Pierre and Miquelon is in fact a self-proclaimed internationally famous tourist destination, and has a website to prove it. It is actually worth reading, though mostly as an act of compassion, and occasionally for a few laughs. "Drive to France" you are invited - by driving across Canada to a port with an occasional ferry to the islands. "Fly to French Canada" you are invited - a two-seater plane can be privately hired and generally prefers to land on the water rather than risk the lack of an actual airport. And for a real treat when you get there, the number one tourist attraction - "a guillotine that was only ever used once". Does that mean it's fresh and clean and ready for someone else to have a go?  Me most likely, if any of the islanders ever read this and I make the mistake of turning up there.


Marks for: Tres peu, je regrette

Marks against: Meme pas une seule



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